:root {
    /* Colors */
    --hprd-primary: #0d6efd;
    --hprd-primary-soft: #0d6efd10;
    --hprd-accent-green: #10b981;
    --hprd-ink-900: #0f172a;
    --hprd-ink-700: #334155;
    --hprd-ink-500: #475569;
    --hprd-ink-400: #64748b;
    --hprd-surface: #ffffff;
    --hprd-surface-alt: #f8fafc;
    --hprd-surface-tint: #f6f9ff;
    --hprd-border: #e2e8f0;
    --hprd-border-light: #f1f5f9;

    /* Spacing */
    --space-2: .5rem;
    --space-3: .75rem;
    --space-4: 1rem;
    --space-5: 1.5rem;
    --space-6: 2rem;
    --space-8: 3rem;

    /* Radii */
    --radius-sm: 8px;
    --radius-md: 16px;
    --radius-lg: 20px;
    --radius-xl: 24px;
    --radius-full: 999px;

    /* Shadows */
    --shadow-tint: rgba(15, 23, 42, .08);
    --shadow-sm: 0 4px 6px -1px rgba(15, 23, 42, .05), 0 2px 4px -1px rgba(15, 23, 42, .03);
    --shadow-md: 0 12px 30px var(--shadow-tint);
    --shadow-lg: 0 20px 40px var(--shadow-tint);
    --shadow-hover: 0 30px 50px rgba(15, 23, 42, .12);

    /* Type scale */
    --fs-sm: .875rem;
    --fs-base: .95rem;
    --fs-md: 1.05rem;
    --fs-lg: 1.3rem;
    --fs-xl: 1.75rem;
    --fs-2xl: 2.4rem;
    --fs-hero: 2.75rem;

    /* Shared page-hero band recipe (Team/Research/Study/Collaboration/Funding/Join/Network intros) */
    --page-hero-padding: 4.5rem 0 3.5rem;
    --page-hero-bg: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--hprd-surface) 0%, var(--hprd-surface-alt) 100%);
}

html {
    font-size: 14px;
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
    html {
        font-size: 16px;
    }
}

.btn:focus,
.btn:active:focus,
.btn-link.nav-link:focus,
.form-control:focus,
.form-check-input:focus {
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 0.1rem white, 0 0 0 0.25rem #258cfb;
}

html {
    position: relative;
    min-height: 100%;
}

body {
    margin-bottom: 60px;
}

.custom-select {
    width: 100%;
    /* ʹ�����˵���������� */
    height: auto;
    /* �����߶��Զ���������Ӧ���� */
    overflow-y: auto;
    /* ���ӹ���������������ѡ�� */
    max-height: 200px;
    /* �������߶������Ƴ��б��Ĵ�С */
    border: 1px solid #ccc;
    /* ���ӱ߿� */
    padding: 5px;
    /* ����һЩ�ڲ���� */
}


.uploaded-label {
    /* ���������������ϴ���� */
    color: green;
    font-size: 0.9em;
    margin-left: 5px;
}

.custom-logo img {
    height: 1em;
    /* ���������ʵ���ֵ����ƥ�����ֵĸ߶� */
    width: auto;
    /* ���� logo �ij����� */
    vertical-align: middle;
    /* ��ֱ���� logo */
}


body {
    font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;
    color: #333;
}

.navbar,
.footer {
    background-color: #f8f9fa;
}

.nav-link.active {
    font-weight: bold;
    color: #007bff;
}

.card {
    box-shadow: 0 4px 8px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
    transition: 0.3s;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.card:hover {
    box-shadow: 0 8px 16px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
}

.table {
    margin-top: 20px;
}

.btn-primary {
    background-color: #007bff;
    border-color: #007bff;
}

.logo-img {
    height: 40px;
    width: auto;
}

.hprd-navbar .nav-link {
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #1a1a1a;
    position: relative;
    padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
}

.hprd-navbar .nav-link:hover,
.hprd-navbar .nav-link:focus {
    color: var(--hprd-primary);
}

.nav-sublabel {
    display: block;
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    color: #6c757d;
    text-transform: none;
}

.hero {
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
    padding: 6rem 0 5rem;
    color: var(--hprd-ink-900);
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f8fbff, #eef4ff);
}

.hero-bg {
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    background: radial-gradient(circle at top right, rgba(13, 110, 253, 0.15), transparent 55%),
        radial-gradient(circle at bottom left, rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.15), transparent 60%);
    z-index: 1;
}

.particles-layer {
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    z-index: 2;
}

.hero .container,
.hero .row,
.hero .col-lg-6,
.hero .col-lg-5 {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 3;
}

.hero-eyebrow {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--hprd-primary);
    font-weight: 600;
}

.hero-title {
    font-size: 2.75rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.2;
}

.hero-title-cn {
    display: block;
    font-size: 1.25rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: #1f2937;
}

.hero-mission {
    margin: 1.5rem 0;
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    color: #334155;
}

.hero-illustration {
    width: 100%;
    min-height: 320px;
    border-radius: 24px;
    background: linear-gradient(140deg, rgba(13, 110, 253, 0.4), rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.35)), var(--hero-image-url, url('/img/nature-background.png'));
    background-position: center;
    background-size: cover;
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
    box-shadow: 0 25px 45px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.15);
}

.info-cards {
    padding: 4rem 0;
    background: #ffffff;
}

.info-card {
    position: relative;
    height: 100%;
    border-radius: 18px;
    padding: 1.75rem;
    background: var(--hprd-surface-alt);
    box-shadow: 0 12px 30px var(--shadow-tint);
    transition: transform 0.3s ease, box-shadow 0.3s ease;
}

.info-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-6px);
    box-shadow: 0 18px 40px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.12);
}

.info-card h3 {
    font-size: 1.3rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--hprd-ink-900);
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.info-card h3 span {
    display: block;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    color: var(--hprd-ink-400);
    font-weight: 500;
}

/* Homepage info-card supplements: min-height/flex layout + hover-card overlay for News/Events/Collaboration cards */
.info-card {
    min-height: 420px;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    border: 1px solid rgba(226, 232, 240, 0.8);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

.info-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-4px);
    box-shadow: 0 20px 25px -5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05), 0 10px 10px -5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.02);
    border-color: rgba(13, 110, 253, 0.2);
}

.info-card h3 {
    padding-bottom: 0.75rem;
    border-bottom: 2px solid var(--hprd-border-light);
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.25rem;
}

/* News item styling */
.news-list {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 1rem;
}

.news-item {
    display: flex;
    gap: 1rem;
    padding-bottom: 1rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hprd-border-light);
    text-decoration: none;
    color: inherit;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.news-item:last-child {
    border-bottom: none;
    padding-bottom: 0;
}

.news-item:hover .news-title {
    color: var(--hprd-primary);
}

.news-date {
    font-family: 'Monaco', 'Consolas', monospace;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    color: #94a3b8;
    white-space: nowrap;
    padding-top: 0.15rem;
}

.news-title {
    font-size: var(--fs-base);
    color: var(--hprd-ink-700);
    line-height: 1.5;
    font-weight: 500;
    display: -webkit-box;
    -webkit-line-clamp: 2;
    -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
    overflow: hidden;
}

/* Event item styling */
.event-item {
    display: flex;
    gap: 1rem;
    padding-bottom: 1rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hprd-border-light);
    text-decoration: none;
    color: inherit;
    align-items: flex-start;
}

.event-item:last-child {
    border-bottom: none;
    padding-bottom: 0;
}

.event-date-box {
    background: var(--hprd-surface-alt);
    border: 1px solid var(--hprd-border);
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
    padding: 0.5rem;
    text-align: center;
    min-width: 60px;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.event-month {
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--hprd-primary);
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1;
    margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
}

.event-day {
    font-size: var(--fs-lg);
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--hprd-ink-900);
    line-height: 1;
}

.event-content {
    flex: 1;
    min-width: 0;
}

.event-title {
    font-size: var(--fs-base);
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--hprd-ink-700);
    margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
    display: -webkit-box;
    -webkit-line-clamp: 2;
    -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
    overflow: hidden;
    line-height: 1.4;
}

.event-item:hover .event-title {
    color: var(--hprd-primary);
}

.event-meta {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.2rem;
}

.event-meta-item {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    color: var(--hprd-ink-400);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.4rem;
    white-space: nowrap;
    overflow: hidden;
    text-overflow: ellipsis;
}

.event-meta-item i {
    font-size: 0.85rem;
}

.read-more-link {
    margin-top: auto;
    padding-top: 1rem;
    color: var(--hprd-primary);
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: var(--fs-base);
    text-decoration: none;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
}

.read-more-link:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Intro card specifics */
.intro-text {
    color: var(--hprd-ink-500);
    font-size: var(--fs-base);
    line-height: 1.7;
    display: -webkit-box;
    -webkit-line-clamp: 13;
    -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
    overflow: hidden;
}

/* Hover card refinements */
.info-card__hover-card {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.98);
    backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
    padding: 2rem;
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    opacity: 0;
    visibility: hidden;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    z-index: 10;
    overflow-y: auto;
    border: 1px solid var(--hprd-border);
}

.info-card--has-hover:hover .info-card__hover-card {
    opacity: 1;
    visibility: visible;
}

/* Homepage Collaboration card partner logo strip */
.info-card__partners {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 1.5rem;
}

.info-card__partner-link {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    transition: opacity 0.2s ease, transform 0.2s ease;
}

.info-card__partner-link:hover {
    opacity: 0.85;
    transform: scale(1.05);
}

.info-card__partner-logo {
    height: 64px;
    width: auto;
    max-width: 140px;
    object-fit: contain;
}

.funding-band {
    background: var(--hprd-primary);
    color: #ffffff;
    padding: 1.8rem 0;
}

.funding-band i {
    font-size: 1.8rem;
}

.funding-band span {
    margin-left: 0.5rem;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
}

.funding-band .btn-link {
    color: #ffffff;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.content-sections {
    padding: 4rem 0 6rem;
    background: #f5f7fb;
}

.content-sections h2 {
    font-size: 1.75rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--hprd-ink-900);
}

.content-sections h2 span {
    display: block;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: var(--hprd-ink-400);
    font-weight: 500;
}

.content-sections p {
    color: var(--hprd-ink-500);
    font-size: 1rem;
}

.content-sections .btn {
    margin-top: 1rem;
}

/* Shared lightweight card used for homepage Research/Join preview blocks */
.feature-card {
    padding: 1.5rem;
    background: var(--hprd-surface-alt);
    border: 1px solid var(--hprd-border);
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    transition: transform 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease;
}

.feature-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-3px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

.list-unstyled li {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.6rem;
    font-size: 1rem;
    color: #1f2937;
}

.list-unstyled li i {
    color: var(--hprd-primary);
}

.hprd-footer {
    background: rgb(32, 75, 155);
    color: var(--hprd-border);
}

.hprd-footer .footer-subtitle {
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6);
    font-size: 0.85rem;
}

.hprd-footer .footer-description {
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
}

.hprd-footer .footer-heading {
    color: #ffffff;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
}

.hprd-footer .footer-heading-cn {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6);
    font-weight: 400;
    text-transform: none;
    margin-left: 0.5rem;
}

.hprd-footer .footer-links {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
}

.hprd-footer .footer-links li {
    padding: 0.35rem 0;
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
    font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.hprd-footer .footer-links a {
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: color 0.2s ease;
}

.hprd-footer .footer-links a:hover,
.hprd-footer .footer-links a:focus {
    color: #60a5fa;
}

.hprd-footer .footer-bottom {
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
}

.hprd-footer .footer-partner-link {
    display: inline-flex;
    transition: opacity 0.2s ease, transform 0.2s ease;
}

.hprd-footer .footer-partner-link:hover {
    opacity: 0.85;
    transform: scale(1.05);
}

.hprd-footer .footer-partner-logo {
    height: 36px;
    width: auto;
    max-width: 72px;
    border-radius: 6px;
    object-fit: contain;
    background: #ffffff;
    padding: 3px;
}

@media (max-width: 991.98px) {
    .hero {
        padding: 4rem 0;
    }

    .hero-title {
        font-size: 2.25rem;
    }

    .hero-illustration {
        min-height: 260px;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
    .hero-title {
        font-size: 2rem;
    }

    .hero-mission {
        font-size: 0.95rem;
    }

    .info-card {
        padding: 1.5rem;
    }
}

.team-intro {
    padding: var(--page-hero-padding);
    background: var(--page-hero-bg);
    text-align: center;
}

.team-intro h1 {
    font-size: var(--fs-hero);
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--hprd-ink-900);
}

.team-intro p {
    font-size: var(--fs-md);
    color: var(--hprd-ink-500);
    margin-top: 1rem;
}

.team-filters {
    padding: 1.5rem 0 0;
}

.team-filters .nav-link {
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--hprd-ink-500);
    border-radius: 999px;
    padding: 0.7rem 1.5rem;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.team-filters .nav-link.active,
.team-filters .nav-link:hover,
.team-filters .nav-link:focus {
    background-color: var(--hprd-primary);
    color: #ffffff;
}

.team-section {
    padding: 3.5rem 0;
}

.section-heading h2 {
    font-size: 2rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--hprd-ink-900);
}

.section-heading h2 span {
    display: block;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: var(--hprd-ink-400);
    font-weight: 500;
}

.team-card {
    background: #ffffff;
    border-radius: 20px;
    box-shadow: 0 20px 40px var(--shadow-tint);
    overflow: hidden;
    height: 100%;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    transition: transform 0.25s ease, box-shadow 0.25s ease;
}

.team-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-6px);
    box-shadow: 0 30px 50px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.12);
}

.team-avatar {
    width: 100%;
    height: 220px;
    object-fit: cover;
    background: var(--hprd-border);
}

.team-card-body {
    padding: 1.75rem;
}

.team-card h3 {
    font-size: 1.35rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--hprd-ink-900);
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.team-card h3 span {
    display: block;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: var(--hprd-ink-400);
}

.team-role {
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--hprd-primary);
}

.team-meta {
    color: var(--hprd-ink-500);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.team-bio {
    color: var(--hprd-ink-500);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
}

/* Academic Committee cards (Team page) */
.committee-card {
    background: var(--hprd-surface);
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
    overflow: hidden;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    transition: transform 0.3s ease, box-shadow 0.3s ease;
    border: 1px solid var(--hprd-border-light);
}

.committee-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.committee-row {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
}

@media (min-width: 992px) {
    .committee-row {
        flex-direction: row;
    }

    .committee-img-col {
        flex: 0 0 300px;
        max-width: 300px;
    }

    .committee-content-col {
        flex: 1;
        padding: 2rem;
    }
}

.committee-img-wrapper {
    width: 100%;
    height: 300px;
    overflow: hidden;
    position: relative;
}

@media (min-width: 992px) {
    .committee-img-wrapper {
        height: 100%;
        min-height: 300px;
    }
}

.committee-img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
    object-position: top;
}

.committee-header {
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hprd-border-light);
    padding-bottom: 1rem;
}

.committee-name {
    font-size: var(--fs-lg);
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--hprd-ink-900);
    margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
}

.committee-title {
    font-size: 1rem;
    color: var(--hprd-primary);
    font-weight: 600;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.committee-desc {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    line-height: 1.7;
    color: var(--hprd-ink-700);
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.committee-desc-cn {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    line-height: 1.7;
    color: var(--hprd-ink-500);
    background: var(--hprd-surface-alt);
    padding: 1rem;
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
    border-left: 4px solid var(--hprd-primary);
}

/* Adjustments for team cards to handle missing images gracefully */
.team-avatar-placeholder {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--hprd-border) 0%, var(--hprd-surface-alt) 100%);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    color: #aaa;
    font-size: 3rem;
}

.network-band {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--hprd-primary), #4f46e5);
    color: #ffffff;
    padding: 3rem 0;
    border-radius: 32px 32px 0 0;
    margin-top: 4rem;
}

.network-band h3 {
    font-size: 1.9rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.network-band h3 span {
    display: block;
    font-size: 1rem;
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85);
}

.network-band p {
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    max-width: 32rem;
}

.pin-counters {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 1.5rem 0 0;
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 1.5rem;
}

.pin-counters li {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.pin-counters span {
    font-size: 1.8rem;
    font-weight: 700;
}

.network-map {
    width: 100%;
    min-height: 220px;
    border-radius: 18px;
    background: radial-gradient(circle at 30% 30%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.45), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 55%),
        radial-gradient(circle at 70% 60%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.35), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 60%),
        rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.25);
    position: relative;
}

.network-map::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    inset: 18% 15%;
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.35);
    border-radius: 16px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.35), transparent 60%);
    mix-blend-mode: screen;
}

@media (max-width: 767.98px) {
    .team-intro h1 {
        font-size: 2.1rem;
    }

    .team-card-body {
        padding: 1.5rem;
    }

    .network-band {
        border-radius: 24px 24px 0 0;
    }
}

.breadcrumb-nav {
    background: #f1f5f9;
    padding: 0.75rem 0;
}

.breadcrumb a {
    color: var(--hprd-primary);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.breadcrumb a:hover,
.breadcrumb a:focus {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.research-overview {
    padding: var(--page-hero-padding);
    background: var(--page-hero-bg);
}

.research-overview h1 {
    font-size: var(--fs-2xl);
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--hprd-ink-900);
}

.research-overview p {
    font-size: var(--fs-md);
    color: var(--hprd-ink-500);
    margin-bottom: 1.2rem;
}

.publication-list {
    counter-reset: pub-counter;
}

.publication-item {
    padding: 0.6rem 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hprd-border);
    counter-increment: pub-counter;
}

.publication-item:last-child {
    border-bottom: none;
}

.publication-item.pub-data::before {
    content: counter(pub-counter) ".";
    color: var(--hprd-ink-400);
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    min-width: 1.5rem;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.publication-text {
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    color: var(--hprd-ink-500);
    line-height: 1.5;
    white-space: nowrap;
    overflow: hidden;
    text-overflow: ellipsis;
    cursor: default;
}

.publication-item:hover .publication-text {
    color: var(--hprd-primary);
}

.publication-actions button {
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    opacity: 0;
    transition: opacity 0.2s ease;
}

.publication-item:hover .publication-actions button {
    opacity: 1;
}

.metric-pills {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.75rem;
    margin-top: 1.5rem;
}

.metric-pills .pill {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    padding: 0.6rem 1.1rem;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: var(--hprd-primary-soft);
    color: var(--hprd-primary);
    font-weight: 600;
}

.topic-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 1.25rem;
}

.topic-card {
    background: #ffffff;
    border-radius: 16px;
    padding: 1.75rem;
    box-shadow: 0 18px 35px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.07);
    border: 1px solid var(--hprd-border);
    height: 100%;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: space-between;
    transition: transform 0.25s ease, box-shadow 0.25s ease;
}

.topic-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-4px);
    box-shadow: 0 28px 45px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.12);
}

.topic-card h3 {
    font-size: 1.35rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--hprd-ink-900);
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.topic-card h3 span {
    display: block;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: var(--hprd-ink-400);
    font-weight: 500;
}

.topic-card p {
    color: var(--hprd-ink-500);
    font-size: 0.98rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.2rem;
}

.topic-link {
    color: var(--hprd-primary);
    font-weight: 600;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.topic-link:hover,
.topic-link:focus {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.publications-preview {
    padding: 4rem 0;
    background: #ffffff;
}

.publications-preview .section-heading h2 {
    font-size: 2rem;
    font-weight: 700;
}

.publications-preview .section-heading h2 span {
    display: block;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: var(--hprd-ink-400);
}

.view-all {
    color: var(--hprd-primary);
    font-weight: 600;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.view-all:hover,
.view-all:focus {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.publications-preview table thead th {
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #1f2937;
    border-bottom: 2px solid var(--hprd-border);
}

.publications-preview table tbody tr+tr td {
    border-top: 1px solid var(--hprd-border);
}

.research-timeline {
    padding: 4rem 0 5rem;
    background: var(--hprd-surface-alt);
}

.research-timeline h2 {
    font-size: 2rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--hprd-ink-900);
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.research-timeline h2 span {
    display: block;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: var(--hprd-ink-400);
    font-weight: 500;
}

.timeline-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 1.25rem;
}

.timeline-card {
    background: #ffffff;
    border-radius: 18px;
    padding: 1.85rem 1.5rem;
    box-shadow: 0 16px 35px var(--shadow-tint);
    border-top: 4px solid var(--hprd-primary);
    transition: transform 0.25s ease, box-shadow 0.25s ease;
}

.timeline-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-4px);
    box-shadow: 0 26px 45px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.12);
}

.timeline-card h3 {
    font-size: 1.25rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--hprd-primary);
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.timeline-card p {
    color: var(--hprd-ink-500);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

@media (max-width: 991.98px) {
    .topic-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .timeline-grid {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    }
}

@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
    .research-overview h1 {
        font-size: 2rem;
    }

    .timeline-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
}

.study-banner {
    padding: var(--page-hero-padding);
    background: var(--page-hero-bg);
    text-align: center;
}

.study-banner h1 {
    font-size: var(--fs-2xl);
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--hprd-ink-900);
}

.study-banner p {
    font-size: var(--fs-md);
    color: var(--hprd-ink-500);
    margin-top: 1rem;
}

.study-tracks {
    padding: 3.5rem 0 3rem;
    background: #ffffff;
}

.track-card {
    background: #ffffff;
    border-radius: 20px;
    box-shadow: 0 20px 40px var(--shadow-tint);
    padding: 2.25rem 1.75rem;
    height: 100%;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 1.5rem;
    transition: transform 0.25s ease, box-shadow 0.25s ease;
}

.track-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-6px);
    box-shadow: 0 32px 55px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.12);
}

.track-icon {
    width: 72px;
    height: 72px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: var(--hprd-primary-soft);
    color: var(--hprd-primary);
    display: grid;
    place-items: center;
    font-size: 1.9rem;
}

.track-card h2 {
    font-size: 1.45rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--hprd-ink-900);
    margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
}

.track-card p {
    color: var(--hprd-ink-500);
    font-size: 1rem;
    flex-grow: 1;
}

.track-card .btn {
    align-self: flex-start;
}

.study-faq {
    padding: 3.5rem 0 5rem;
    background: var(--hprd-surface-alt);
}

.study-faq h2 {
    font-size: 2rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--hprd-ink-900);
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.accordion-button {
    font-weight: 600;
}

.accordion-button:not(.collapsed) {
    color: var(--hprd-primary);
    background-color: #e8f1ff;
}

@media (max-width: 767.98px) {
    .study-banner h1 {
        font-size: 2rem;
    }
}

.collab-hero {
    padding: var(--page-hero-padding);
    background: var(--page-hero-bg);
}

.collab-hero h1 {
    font-size: var(--fs-2xl);
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--hprd-ink-900);
}

.collab-hero p {
    color: var(--hprd-ink-500);
    font-size: var(--fs-md);
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.collab-callout {
    background: var(--hprd-surface);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    padding: 1.75rem;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
    border: 1px solid var(--hprd-border);
}

.collab-callout h2 {
    font-size: 1.35rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--hprd-primary);
}

.collab-callout p {
    color: var(--hprd-ink-500);
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.collab-grid {
    padding: 3.5rem 0;
    background: #ffffff;
}

.partner-card {
    background: #ffffff;
    border-radius: 20px;
    box-shadow: 0 20px 40px var(--shadow-tint);
    padding: 2rem 1.75rem;
    height: 100%;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 1rem;
    text-align: center;
    transition: transform 0.25s ease, box-shadow 0.25s ease;
}

.partner-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-6px);
    box-shadow: 0 32px 55px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.12);
}

.partner-logo {
    width: 72px;
    height: 72px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: var(--hprd-primary-soft);
    color: var(--hprd-primary);
    display: grid;
    place-items: center;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
}

.partner-card h3 {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--hprd-ink-900);
    margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
}

.partner-card p {
    color: var(--hprd-ink-500);
    font-size: 0.98rem;
}

.collab-requirements {
    padding: 3.5rem 0;
    background: var(--hprd-surface-alt);
}

.requirements-list {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
    display: grid;
    gap: 1.1rem;
}

.requirements-list li {
    background: #ffffff;
    border-radius: 16px;
    padding: 1.2rem 1.4rem;
    box-shadow: 0 15px 35px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.05);
    border-left: 4px solid var(--hprd-primary);
    color: var(--hprd-ink-500);
}

.requirements-list strong {
    color: var(--hprd-ink-900);
}

.contact-card {
    background: #ffffff;
    border-radius: 20px;
    padding: 2rem;
    box-shadow: 0 25px 50px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.1);
    border: 1px solid var(--hprd-border);
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.75rem;
}

.contact-card h3 {
    font-size: 1.3rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--hprd-ink-900);
}

.contact-card .lead {
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--hprd-primary);
}

.contact-card a {
    color: var(--hprd-primary);
    font-weight: 600;
}

.contact-strip {
    background: #0b1120;
    color: var(--hprd-border);
    padding: 1.5rem 0;
}

.contact-strip .btn {
    border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6);
    color: var(--hprd-border);
}

.contact-strip .btn:hover {
    background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
}

@media (max-width: 991.98px) {
    .collab-hero h1 {
        font-size: 2.1rem;
    }
}

.funding-intro {
    padding: var(--page-hero-padding);
    background: var(--page-hero-bg);
}

.funding-intro h1 {
    font-size: var(--fs-2xl);
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--hprd-ink-900);
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.funding-intro p {
    font-size: var(--fs-md);
    color: var(--hprd-ink-500);
}

.funding-note {
    background: #ffffff;
    border-radius: 18px;
    padding: 1.5rem;
    box-shadow: 0 18px 40px var(--shadow-tint);
    border: 1px solid var(--hprd-border);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: var(--hprd-ink-500);
}

.funding-note h2 {
    font-size: 1.15rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--hprd-primary);
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.funding-note a {
    color: var(--hprd-primary);
    font-weight: 600;
}

.funding-cards {
    padding: 2.5rem 0 4rem;
    background: #ffffff;
}

.funding-stack {
    display: grid;
    gap: 1.8rem;
}

.funding-card {
    background: #ffffff;
    border-radius: 20px;
    padding: 2.2rem 2rem;
    box-shadow: 0 22px 44px var(--shadow-tint);
    border: 1px solid var(--hprd-border);
    display: grid;
    gap: 1rem;
}

.funding-card-header {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 1rem;
}

.funding-icon {
    width: 64px;
    height: 64px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: var(--hprd-primary-soft);
    color: var(--hprd-primary);
    display: grid;
    place-items: center;
    font-size: 1.75rem;
}

.funding-card h2 {
    font-size: 1.35rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--hprd-ink-900);
    margin: 0;
}

.funding-card p {
    color: var(--hprd-ink-500);
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.funding-card ul {
    margin: 0;
    padding-left: 1rem;
    display: grid;
    gap: 0.4rem;
    color: var(--hprd-ink-500);
}

.funding-card li {
    list-style: disc;
}

.funding-link {
    color: var(--hprd-primary);
    font-weight: 600;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.funding-link:hover,
.funding-link:focus {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

@media (max-width: 767.98px) {
    .funding-intro h1 {
        font-size: 2rem;
    }
}

.join-intro {
    padding: var(--page-hero-padding);
    background: var(--page-hero-bg);
    text-align: center;
}

.join-intro h1 {
    font-size: var(--fs-2xl);
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--hprd-ink-900);
}

.join-intro p {
    font-size: var(--fs-md);
    color: var(--hprd-ink-500);
    margin-top: 0.75rem;
}

.join-content {
    padding: 2.5rem 0 5rem;
    background: #ffffff;
}

.application-card {
    background: #ffffff;
    border-radius: 20px;
    box-shadow: 0 22px 44px var(--shadow-tint);
    border: 1px solid var(--hprd-border);
    padding: 2.3rem 2rem;
}

.application-header h2 {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--hprd-ink-900);
}

.application-header h2 span {
    display: block;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: var(--hprd-ink-400);
    font-weight: 500;
}

.application-header p {
    color: var(--hprd-ink-500);
    margin-bottom: 1.2rem;
}

.application-form .form-label {
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--hprd-ink-900);
}

.application-form .form-control,
.application-form .form-select {
    border-radius: 12px;
}

.application-form textarea {
    resize: vertical;
}

.privacy-note {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: var(--hprd-ink-400);
    margin-top: 1rem;
    text-align: center;
}

.privacy-note a {
    color: var(--hprd-primary);
}

.jobs-card {
    background: var(--hprd-surface-alt);
    border-radius: 20px;
    padding: 2.2rem 2rem;
    box-shadow: 0 18px 40px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.05);
    border: 1px solid var(--hprd-border);
    display: grid;
    gap: 1.5rem;
}

.jobs-card h2 {
    font-size: 1.45rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--hprd-ink-900);
}

.jobs-card h2 span {
    display: block;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: var(--hprd-ink-400);
    font-weight: 500;
}

.jobs-card p {
    color: var(--hprd-ink-500);
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.job-list {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
    display: grid;
    gap: 1rem;
}

.job-list li {
    background: #ffffff;
    border-radius: 16px;
    padding: 1.2rem 1.4rem;
    box-shadow: 0 15px 35px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 1rem;
}

.job-list h3 {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--hprd-ink-900);
    margin-bottom: 0.3rem;
}

.job-list p {
    color: var(--hprd-ink-400);
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.job-link {
    color: var(--hprd-primary);
    font-weight: 600;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.job-link:hover,
.job-link:focus {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.help-note {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: var(--hprd-ink-500);
}

.help-note a {
    color: var(--hprd-primary);
    font-weight: 600;
}

@media (max-width: 991.98px) {
    .job-list li {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: flex-start;
    }

    .jobs-card {
        padding: 2rem 1.75rem;
    }
}

.network-hero {
    padding: var(--page-hero-padding);
    background: var(--page-hero-bg);
}

.network-hero h1 {
    font-size: var(--fs-2xl);
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--hprd-ink-900);
}

.network-hero p {
    color: var(--hprd-ink-500);
    font-size: var(--fs-md);
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.network-stats {
    list-style: none;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 1.5rem;
}

.network-stats li {
    background: #ffffff;
    border-radius: 16px;
    padding: 1rem 1.25rem;
    box-shadow: 0 18px 36px var(--shadow-tint);
    color: var(--hprd-ink-500);
    font-weight: 600;
}

.network-stats span {
    display: block;
    font-size: 1.6rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--hprd-primary);
}

.network-map {
    width: 100%;
    min-height: 320px;
    border-radius: 24px;
    background: radial-gradient(circle at 30% 30%, rgba(13, 110, 253, 0.25), transparent 55%),
        radial-gradient(circle at 70% 60%, rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.25), transparent 60%),
        #0b1120;
    position: relative;
}

.network-map::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    inset: 18% 15%;
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4);
    border-radius: 18px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.35), transparent 60%);
}

.contact-network {
    padding: 3.5rem 0;
    background: #ffffff;
}

.contact-card-wide {
    height: 100%;
}

.contact-card-wide h2 {
    font-size: 1.6rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--hprd-ink-900);
}

.contact-card-wide p {
    color: var(--hprd-ink-500);
}

.contact-details {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 1.5rem 0 0;
    display: grid;
    gap: 0.8rem;
    color: var(--hprd-ink-500);
}

.contact-details i {
    color: var(--hprd-primary);
    margin-right: 0.6rem;
}

.contact-details a {
    color: var(--hprd-primary);
    font-weight: 600;
}

.map-placeholder {
    height: 100%;
    min-height: 250px;
    border-radius: 20px;
    background: repeating-linear-gradient(45deg, rgba(13, 110, 253, 0.08), rgba(13, 110, 253, 0.08) 20px, rgba(13, 110, 253, 0.02) 20px, rgba(13, 110, 253, 0.02) 40px);
    display: grid;
    place-items: center;
    color: var(--hprd-primary);
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.map-placeholder::after {
    content: "Map placeholder";
}

.stay-connected {
    background: #0b1120;
    color: var(--hprd-border);
    padding: 2rem 0;
}

.stay-connected h2 {
    font-size: 1.6rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    margin-bottom: 0.3rem;
}

.stay-connected p {
    color: rgba(226, 232, 240, 0.8);
    margin: 0;
}

.newsletter-form {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.75rem;
    align-items: center;
}

.newsletter-form input[type="email"] {
    border-radius: 999px;
    padding: 0.65rem 1.1rem;
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.35);
    background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.4);
    color: var(--hprd-border);
    min-width: 220px;
}

.newsletter-form input[type="email"]::placeholder {
    color: rgba(226, 232, 240, 0.7);
}

.newsletter-form .btn {
    border-radius: 999px;
    padding: 0.65rem 1.4rem;
}

.social-link {
    color: rgba(226, 232, 240, 0.9);
    font-weight: 600;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.social-link:hover,
.social-link:focus {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

@media (max-width: 991.98px) {
    .network-hero h1 {
        font-size: 2.1rem;
    }

    .network-map {
        min-height: 240px;
    }
}
/* 论文列表序号（原先内联在 Views/Publication/Index.cshtml 的 <style> 里，
   其余 .publication-* 规则本文件中已有定义，属重复声明） */
.pub-number {
    min-width: 2rem;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
}

/* 跳到主内容：仅键盘聚焦时出现 */
.skip-link {
    position: absolute;
    z-index: 1080;
    margin: .5rem;
    padding: .5rem .75rem;
    background: var(--hprd-surface);
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}